Glossary
外汇术语表
本术语表解释了您在交易中会遇到的外汇术语，从点差和点差等日常用语到保证金追缴和套期保值等更高级的概念。遇到不认识的术语时，请随时查阅。
外汇交易有其自身的词汇，了解这些词汇可以使您更容易地理解每一次经纪商评论、图表和新闻报道。本术语表定义了您最常遇到的术语，从点差、价差和杠杆等基本构成要素到斐波那契回调、保证金追缴和套期保值等更高级的概念。
每个条目都提供了一个简短的、通俗易懂的定义以及该术语在实际交易中的应用方式，因此您可以正确使用它，而不仅仅是识别它。
随着市场和交易平台的不断发展，术语表会不断更新，因此无论您是进行第一笔交易还是完善现有策略，它都能保持最新的参考价值。
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- ADX（平均趋向指数）ADX（平均趋向指数）是 J. Welles Wilder Jr. 于 1978 年开发的趋势强度指标。它在 0-100 的范围内衡量趋势的强度，但不指示趋势是上升还是下降。 ADX 如何运作 ADX 计算 14 天（默认周期）价格区间扩张的移动平均值。该范围的解释如下： 0–25： 弱势或无趋势 25–50：…
- ATR（平均真实波幅）ATR（平均真实波幅）是一种衡量市场波动性的技术指标。由 J. Welles Wilder Jr. 开发的 ATR 量化了货币对在给定周期内的平均移动幅度，而不考虑价格方向。较高的 ATR 值表示价格波动较大；较低的值则表明市场环境较为稳定。 ATR 的计算方法 ATR…
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- CableCable是英镑/美元货币对的交易术语，追踪英镑和美元之间的汇率。这个名称源于历史上通过横跨大西洋的电缆传输外汇汇率的做法，连接伦敦和纽约。 Cable交易如何运作 交易者通过预期英镑走强时买入，预期英镑走弱时卖出来投机英镑/美元。Cable是全球流动性最高的货币对之一，银行、对冲基金和零售交易者日交易量巨大。…
- CCI（商品通道指数）商品通道指数（CCI）是一种技术指标，用于衡量货币价格在设定周期内偏离其平均价格的程度。交易者通过识别价格相对于正常范围是否异常高或低来使用它，以发现潜在的入场和出场点。 CCI 如何运作 CCI 计算当前价格与选定时间范围（通常为 20…
- CPICPI，即消费者物价指数，衡量的是城市消费者在一段时间内为商品和服务支付的价格的平均变化。它是中央银行用于指导货币政策决策的主要通胀指标，因此对零售外汇交易者至关重要。 CPI 如何计算 CPI…
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- EA（智能交易系统）或机器人EA（Expert Advisor，智能交易系统），也称为机器人或交易机器人，是一种代表您自动执行交易的计算机程序。它遵循您预设的规则，买卖货币对，而无需您手动监控市场。…
- ECN 经纪商ECN 经纪商（电子通信网络）是一种外汇经纪商，可直接将您连接到银行、对冲基金和其他交易者的网络来执行您的交易。ECN 经纪商不充当您的交易对手方（承担您交易的另一方），而是仅在电子平台上撮合买卖双方。 ECN 经纪商如何运作 ECN…
- EONIAEONIA，即欧元隔夜平均利率，是欧元区银行间贷款的基准隔夜利率。它代表了欧元区最大银行之间隔夜无抵押融资的平均利率，是欧洲中央银行（ECB）政策预期和各种金融产品的关键参考指标。 欧洲央行根据其成员银行之间的实际贷款交易每日计算 EONIA，并于欧洲中部时间每天下午 7:00…
- EURIBOREURIBOR — 欧元银行间拆借利率 — 是欧洲主要银行之间相互借贷的平均利率。EURIBOR 每日计算并以从一周到一年的多种期限发布，是欧元计价金融产品（包括抵押贷款、贷款、债券和衍生品）的基准。对于外汇交易者而言，EURIBOR 的变动直接影响欧元头寸的价值以及利率敏感型工具的定价。 EURIBOR 如何计算…
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- Gas FeesGas Fees are transaction costs on blockchain networks for cryptocurrency trades. Essential for maintaining the network that underpins cryptocurrencies like…
- GDP（国内総生産）GDP（国内総生産）は、特定の期間（通常は四半期または1年）内に国内総生産内で生産された商品とサービスの総額を測定します。FXトレーダーにとって、GDPは通貨価値が経済成長を追跡するため重要です。堅調なGDPのシグナルは通貨を強化する傾向があり、縮小は通貨を弱めます。 GDPに含まれるもの…
- GTC (有效期至取消)GTC（有效期至取消）是一种订单类型，在您的指定价格水平被执行或您手动取消之前一直有效。与立即以当前价格执行市价单不同，GTC 订单允许您设置特定的入场或出场价格，并等待市场达到该价格。 GTC 订单的主要特点 灵活性 是其主要优势——您设定价格，订单便会等待。 持久性 是另一个特点：GTC…
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- Layer 2 解决方案Layer 2 解决方案是构建在区块链（Layer 1）之上的技术，通过在主链之外处理交易来提高速度并降低成本。示例包括支付通道、侧链和嵌套区块链。 Layer 2 解决方案通过将多笔交易打包成一笔主链交易来工作。在支付通道中，双方在彼此之间交换交易，然后将最终余额结算在 Layer 1…
- LIBORLIBOR 是伦敦银行同业拆款利率（London Interbank Offered Rate）的缩写——这是主要银行在银行间市场上相互借贷的平均利率。它是用于为全球贷款、衍生品和其他金融工具定价的基准利率。 LIBOR 的计算方法 每天，ICE Benchmark Administration…
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- M1M1是流通性最强的货币供应形式，包括人们可以立即花费的资产。它包括流通中的实体货币、活期存款（如支票账户）以及其他高流动性资产，如旅行支票。 M1的组成部分 M1由三类组成： 实体货币： 流通中的所有硬币和纸币。 活期存款： 随时可用的银行存款，例如支票账户。 其他流动资产： 可快速兑换成现金的工具，包括旅行支票。…
- M2M2 是比 M1 更广泛的货币供应量衡量标准，它不仅包括实体货币和支票账户，还包括储蓄存款、货币市场证券以及定期存款（如存款证明）。M2 反映了经济中可用于支出和投资的总货币量。 M2 的组成部分 M2 包括： M1： 实体货币和支票存款（流动性最高的部分）。 储蓄存款：…
- M3M3是衡量一个国家总货币供应量最广泛的指标。它包括实体货币、支票和储蓄存款、货币市场证券以及个人和机构持有的其他流动金融资产。中央银行使用M3来监测经济健康状况并指导货币政策决策。…
- MACD（移动平均收敛散度）MACD（移动平均收敛散度）是一种趋势跟踪动量指标，显示证券价格的两个指数移动平均线（EMA）之间的关系。交易者使用MACD来识别趋势变化、生成买卖信号以及衡量外汇市场的动量。…
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- Offer (Ask)Offer (Ask) is the price at which you buy a currency pair in forex trading. It represents what sellers are asking, and it's always higher than the bid…
- Official Exchange RateOfficial Exchange Rate is the value at which a country's central bank or government officially sets its currency against another currency, typically the US…
- Open Market OperationsOpen Market Operations (OMO) are a central bank's method of controlling the money supply and interest rates by buying and selling government securities in the…
- Open Position (Trade)An open position is an active trade in a currency pair—a buy or sell order you've placed but not yet closed. You profit when the market moves in your predicted…
- Operational RiskOperational risk is the possibility of financial loss from failed or inadequate internal processes, systems, people, or external events. Unlike market risk…
- OptionAn option is a derivative contract giving you the right—but not the obligation—to buy or sell a currency pair at a predetermined price (strike price) on or…
- Options MarketAn options market is a financial market where traders buy and sell contracts that give the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying…
- OraclesAn oracle is a service that supplies real-world data to smart contracts on blockchain networks, enabling automated trading without intermediaries. Oracles…
- OrderAn order in forex trading is an instruction to buy or sell a currency pair at a specified price or condition. It is the mechanism through which traders execute…
- Order ExecutionOrder execution is the process of converting your buy or sell order into an actual market position at an agreed price and time. Your primary goal is to execute…
- Over-The-Counter (OTC)Over-The-Counter (OTC) refers to the decentralized structure of the forex market, where currency pairs are traded directly between parties without a central…
- OverboughtOverbought refers to a situation where a currency pair's price has risen to a level that suggests potential reversal. It signals excessive buying pressure and…
- Overnight RateThe Overnight Rate is the interest rate at which central banks lend to or borrow from financial institutions for one trading day. It is a primary tool of…
- OversoldOversold describes a currency or asset whose price has fallen to an extreme low relative to recent trading activity, often indicating potential for a price…
- OvertradingOvertrading is executing trades excessively—with high volumes or frequency—without a solid strategy or risk plan. It is typically driven by emotion,…
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- Parallel MarketA parallel market is an unregulated market where financial instruments, currencies, or goods trade outside official government channels. It emerges when…
- Pegged Exchange RateA pegged exchange rate is a fixed exchange rate set and maintained by a central bank, where one currency is tied to another, typically the US dollar or euro.…
- People’s Bank of China (PBoC)The People's Bank of China (PBoC) is the central bank of China, established in 1948. It controls China's monetary policy, manages the Chinese yuan (CNY),…
- Percentage Allocation Management Module (PAMM)A Percentage Allocation Management Module (PAMM) is an investment account where clients pool capital into a single trading account managed by a professional…
- PipA pip is the smallest unit of price movement in the forex market. For most currency pairs, a pip equals 0.0001. For currency pairs involving the Japanese yen,…
- Pip (Point)Pip (Point) is the smallest unit of price movement in forex trading. Pip stands for "Percentage in Point" or "Price Interest Point," and represents a…
- Pivot PointA pivot point is a technical analysis level calculated from the previous day's price action to identify potential support and resistance zones. Traders use it…
- Plaza AccordThe Plaza Accord was a 1985 international agreement among five major economies to coordinate currency intervention in foreign exchange markets. Signed on…
- Political RiskPolitical risk refers to potential losses in currency value due to political events, policy changes, or government instability. Elections, policy shifts, civil…
- Position TraderA position trader holds forex positions for weeks, months, or even years, aiming to profit from long-term market trends rather than daily price movements.…
- Position TradingPosition trading is a long-term strategy that captures significant currency price movements over weeks, months, or years. Unlike day trading or scalping,…
- Positive Interest Rate Policy (PIRP)Positive Interest Rate Policy (PIRP) is a monetary policy where a central bank sets benchmark interest rates above zero to make investments in the domestic…
- Price ActionPrice Action is the analysis of currency price movements and chart patterns alone, without relying on technical indicators. Traders read candlestick…
- Primary MarketPrimary Market is where new securities—stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments—are issued and sold directly by companies to investors for the first…
- Prime RatePrime Rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks lend money to their most creditworthy customers—typically large corporations and well-established…
- Principal ValuePrincipal Value is the initial amount of capital you deposit into a trading account. It forms the financial foundation of your trading, determining the size of…
- Private KeyA Private Key is a secret cryptographic code that grants you exclusive control over your digital assets in forex and cryptocurrency trading. Think of it as an…
- Producer Price Index (PPI)The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers for goods and services. It tracks inflation at the…
- Profit (Gain)Profit (also called gain) is the positive difference between the buying and selling price of a currency pair. It is the reward for correctly predicting price…
- Prop firmA proprietary trading firm (prop firm) is a financial company that trades its own capital rather than clients' funds. Prop firms offer traders access to…
- Public DebtPublic debt is the total amount of money a government owes to creditors (foreign and domestic). It accumulates when governments borrow to finance operations,…
- Public KeyA public key is a cryptographic key that encrypts data in forex transactions; only the corresponding private key can decrypt it. It forms one half of…
- Purchasing Power ParityPurchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an economic theory stating that exchange rates should adjust so identical goods cost the same when converted to a common…
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- QE (Quantitative Easing)Quantitative Easing (QE) is a monetary policy tool where central banks purchase government bonds, corporate bonds, or other assets to inject money into the…
- Quantitative EasingQuantitative Easing (QE) is a monetary policy tool central banks use to stimulate economic growth when traditional interest-rate cuts are insufficient. The…
- Quantitative TighteningQuantitative Tightening (QT) is the opposite of Quantitative Easing. A central bank uses QT to reduce the money supply and combat inflation by selling or…
- Quote CurrencyThe Quote Currency (also called the counter currency) is the second currency in a currency pair. It represents how much of that currency is needed to buy one…
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- Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) is a measure of a country's currency strength relative to a basket of its main trading partners' currencies, adjusted for…
- Realized Profit/LossRealized Profit/Loss (RPL) is the actual financial gain or loss from closing a position in forex trading. It represents money actually received or lost, not…
- Relative Strength Index (RSI)Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and magnitude of price changes in forex markets. It ranges from 0 to 100 and…
- Repo RateThe repo rate is the interest rate at which a central bank lends money to commercial banks overnight, backed by government securities or bonds. It's a core…
- Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia's central bank, established in 1959. It controls the Australian dollar (AUD), sets monetary policy, and…
- ResistanceResistance is a price level on a chart where a currency pair struggles to rise past, acting as a barrier to further price increases. It's a core concept in…
- Resistance LevelA resistance level is a price point where an asset's upward movement faces significant selling pressure and typically stalls or reverses. Traders identify…
- Retail TraderA retail trader is an individual or small group trading financial markets like forex with their own money, rather than managing funds for a large institution.…
- RevaluationRevaluation is the official strengthening of a currency's exchange rate relative to others, typically initiated by a government or central bank. It increases…
- ReversalA reversal is a point where a currency pair's price trend stops and moves in the opposite direction. It marks the end of one price movement and the beginning…
- Risk AppetiteRisk appetite is your willingness and financial capacity to endure losses while pursuing potential profits in forex trading. It determines how much risk you're…
- Risk AversionRisk aversion is a psychological preference for avoiding losses over pursuing higher potential gains. Risk-averse traders favor lower but more certain returns…
- Risk ManagementRisk management is the set of strategies and techniques used to protect your trading capital while pursuing profitable returns. It is the most important skill…
- Risk-Free RateThe risk-free rate is the theoretical return an investor could achieve by holding an asset with zero default risk, typically government bonds. It serves as a…
- Risk/Reward RatioThe risk/reward ratio is the relationship between the amount of money you could lose on a trade and the amount you could gain. It is calculated by dividing…
- RolloverRollover is the interest rate differential applied when you hold a forex currency pair overnight. It represents the cost or benefit of holding a position…
- Rollover RateRollover rate is the interest charged or earned when you hold a forex position overnight, expressed in pips. It is the difference between the interest rates of…
- RSI (Relative Strength Index)RSI (Relative Strength Index) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements on a scale of 0 to 100. It identifies overbought…
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- ScalabilityScalability in forex trading refers to your ability to grow your trading activities—capital, volume, and strategies—without compromising performance or risk…
- ScalperA scalper is a forex trader who executes trades over extremely short timeframes—typically seconds or minutes—aiming to profit from small price movements.…
- ScalpingScalping is a forex trading strategy involving the execution of numerous small trades over extremely short timeframes—typically seconds to a few…
- Secondary MarketThe secondary market is where previously issued securities—stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments—are traded among investors. Unlike the primary…
- SecuritiesSecurities are financial instruments that represent ownership or debt and can be traded in financial markets. They hold intrinsic value and come in two primary…
- Security Token Offering (STO)A Security Token Offering (STO) is a type of public offering where digital tokens representing ownership in real-world assets—such as stocks, bonds, or real…
- Sentiment AnalysisSentiment Analysis is the process of gauging market participants' collective attitudes toward a currency pair—measuring bullish or bearish positioning through…
- Settled (Closed) PositionA settled (closed) position is a completed trade where you have exited the market. Once closed, you realize your profit or loss and have no further exposure to…
- ShardingSharding is a database scaling technique that divides a large database into smaller, independent segments called shards. Each shard stores and processes a…
- Short PositionA short position is a bet that the price of an asset will fall. To enter a short position, you borrow an asset from your broker—typically a currency pair—sell…
- SidechainA sidechain is a separate blockchain connected to a main blockchain through a two-way peg—a mechanism that locks an asset on the main chain and allows it to…
- SLStop Loss (SL) is an order that automatically closes a trade at a predetermined price level to limit losses. When you enter a trade, you set an SL below your…
- SlippageSlippage is the difference between the expected execution price of a trade and the actual price at which the trade fills. When you place an order at a specific…
- Smart ContractsSmart Contracts are self-executing programs stored on a blockchain that automatically execute when predetermined conditions are met. The contract terms are…
- Soft ForkA soft fork is a backward-compatible update to a blockchain protocol that makes certain transactions invalid under new rules, while allowing non-upgraded nodes…
- SONIASONIA is the Sterling Overnight Index Average, an interest rate benchmark administered by the Bank of England that measures the average rate major UK banks pay…
- Sovereign DebtSovereign debt is money borrowed by a country's government, typically issued as bonds to domestic or international investors. Governments issue sovereign debt…
- Sovereign RiskSovereign risk is the probability that a country will default on its financial commitments. It directly affects forex trading because it influences currency…
- SpeculatorA speculator is a trader who buys and sells currencies to profit from short-term price movements. Speculators differ from investors in their time horizon and…
- Spot MarketThe spot market is where currencies are traded for immediate delivery at current exchange rates. Unlike futures or options, spot transactions settle in two…
- SpreadSpread is the difference between the bid (selling) price and ask (buying) price of a currency pair, measured in pips. It is the primary cost of entering a…
- StakingStaking is the process of locking cryptocurrency coins into a blockchain to validate transactions and earn rewards. It is exclusive to proof-of-stake (PoS)…
- Standard LotA standard lot in forex is a contract to trade 100,000 units of the base currency in a currency pair. For EUR/USD, one standard lot equals 100,000 euros. It is…
- Steep Yield CurveA steep yield curve occurs when long-term bond yields are significantly higher than short-term yields. It signals that investors expect stronger economic…
- Stock ExchangeA stock exchange is an organized marketplace where securities such as stocks and bonds are bought and sold. It provides a structured environment where…
- Stock IndexA stock index is a composite value derived from a group of stocks, representing a specific sector, market, or an entire country's economy. It serves as a…
- Stop Loss OrderA Stop-Loss Order is an instruction to your broker to automatically sell a position when the price drops to a specified level. It protects your capital by…
- Stop-Limit OrderA Stop-Limit Order is a two-part order that combines a stop trigger with a limit price. When your specified stop price is reached, the order automatically…
- Stop-Loss OrderA Stop-Loss Order is an automatic safety net that sells your position when the price drops to a predetermined level. It protects you from large losses by…
- STP (Straight Through Processing)STP (Straight Through Processing) is an automated order routing system that sends trades directly to liquidity providers without dealer desk intervention. It…
- SupportSupport is a price level where a currency pair's downtrend is expected to pause because of concentrated buying interest. As the price approaches support,…
- Support LevelA support level is a specific price point on a chart where a currency pair's downtrend is expected to pause due to concentrated buying interest. As the price…
- SwapSwap is the interest earned or paid when you hold a forex position overnight. Traders are credited or debited based on the interest rate difference between the…
- Swing TraderA swing trader is a forex trader who holds positions for several days to weeks, aiming to profit from price movements between short-term and long-term…
- Swing TradingSwing trading is a forex strategy where traders hold positions for several days to weeks to profit from price swings within larger trends. Unlike day traders…
- Swiss National Bank (SNB)The Swiss National Bank (SNB) is Switzerland's central bank, responsible for managing monetary policy and issuing the Swiss Franc (CHF). As the country's…
- Systemic RiskSystemic risk is the risk that failure of one financial institution or market dysfunction will trigger a chain reaction of failures across the entire financial…
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- Take Profit OrderA take profit order is a limit order that automatically closes a position when the price reaches a pre-set profit level. Also called a T/P order, it locks in…
- Take-Profit OrderA take-profit order is a limit order that automatically closes an open position when the price reaches a specified profit target. Once the market hits this…
- TaperingTapering is the gradual reduction in the pace of asset purchases by a central bank, typically marking the end of quantitative easing (QE) programs. When a…
- Technical AnalysisTechnical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, primarily past prices and volume. Traders use it…
- TickA tick is the smallest price movement in a currency pair. For most major pairs, a tick represents a change of 0.0001 in price. Understanding ticks matters…
- Tick SizeTick size is the smallest price increment that a currency pair can move. Most major forex pairs move in tick sizes of 0.0001, while pairs involving the…
- Tightening Monetary PolicyTightening monetary policy is when a central bank restricts the supply of money and raises interest rates to slow inflation and stabilize the economy. For…
- TokenizationTokenization is the process of converting rights to an asset into a digital token on a blockchain. In forex and broader trading contexts, tokenization…
- TPTP (Take Profit) is a predefined price level at which you exit an open position to lock in profits. It is the counterpart to Stop Loss (SL), which limits…
- Trade BalanceTrade balance is the difference between a country's exports and imports of goods and services. It is a key economic indicator affecting currency values in…
- Trade DeficitA trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods and services than it exports. This creates a negative balance of trade, meaning the nation spends more…
- Trade SurplusA trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods and services than it imports, resulting in a positive balance of trade. In other words, the nation…
- Trade Weighted IndexA Trade Weighted Index (TWI) measures the relative strength of a country's currency against a basket of other currencies, with each currency weighted according…
- Trading VolumeTrading volume is the total number of contracts traded within a specific time period. It measures market activity and liquidity in the forex market. How…
- Trailing Stop-LossA trailing stop-loss is a dynamic stop-loss order that automatically adjusts upward as the market price moves in your favor, maintaining a fixed distance in…
- Treasury BillsTreasury Bills (T-bills) are short-term debt securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. They are considered among the safest investments…
- Treasury RateTreasury Rate is the interest rate the US government pays on its debt securities—Treasury bills, notes, and bonds. These rates are expressed as percentages and…
- TrendA Trend is the general direction in which a currency pair's price moves over a period of time. Identifying and trading trends is a core strategy in forex…
- Trend LineA Trend Line is a straight line drawn on a chart that connects two or more significant price points to show the direction of a trend. It is one of the most…
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- UndertradingUndertrading occurs when a trader takes fewer or smaller positions than their trading plan or market conditions warrant. It typically stems from fear, lack of…
- Unemployment RateThe unemployment rate is the percentage of the workforce that is actively jobless and seeking employment, typically measured monthly. It serves as one of the…
- Unrealized (Floating) Profit/LossUnrealized (floating) profit or loss is the potential gain or loss on an open position based on the current market price. It represents what you would make or…
- Usable Margin (Free Margin)Usable margin (also called free margin ) is the capital available to open new positions, calculated as your account equity minus the margin currently used to…
- Used MarginUsed margin is the capital your broker reserves when you open a position. Calculated as your lot size divided by leverage ratio, it acts as your security…
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- Velocity of MoneyVelocity of money measures how quickly money circulates through an economy—the average number of times a unit of currency changes hands for goods and services…
- VolatilityVolatility is a measure of how much an asset's price fluctuates over time. Expressed as standard deviation, a statistical measure, volatility quantifies the…
- VPS (Virtual Private Server)A Virtual Private Server (VPS) is a virtualized hosting solution that gives you a dedicated portion of resources on a physical server. Unlike shared hosting,…
- VSA (Volume Spread Analysis)Volume Spread Analysis (VSA) is a trading methodology that examines the relationship between volume and price spread to infer market strength or weakness. The…
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- WalletA wallet is a tool for storing and managing currency, including the private keys or account credentials needed to access funds. In forex and crypto trading, a…
- World BankThe World Bank is an international financial institution established in 1944, comprising the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and…
- World Trade Organization (WTO)The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international forum established in 1995 that regulates trade between nations and resolves trade disputes. For forex…
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- Yield CurveA yield curve is a graph plotting government bond yields against their maturity dates—short-term rates on one end, long-term rates on the other. The curve's…
- Yield FarmingYield farming, also called liquidity mining, is a decentralized finance (DeFi) strategy where users deposit cryptocurrency into liquidity pools and earn…
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- 信用价差信用价差是一种期权策略，您同时卖出一个期权并买入另一个相同标的资产的期权，但具有不同的行权价或到期日。卖出期权会产生权利金（您预先收取的信用额）；买入保护性期权可减少最大亏损。您的利润是收取的净信用额，最大亏损封顶为行权价之差减去收到的信用额。这种风险可控的特点吸引了寻求受控敞口的交易者。 信用价差的类型…
- 信用评级信用评级是对借款人（政府、公司或金融机构）能否按时全额偿还债务可能性的评估。穆迪、标准普尔和惠誉评级等评级机构根据财务稳定性、历史付款表现、债务水平和经济状况来评估信用worthiness。对于外汇交易者来说，经纪商的信用评级很重要，因为它反映了该经纪商能否履行对客户的财务义务。 信用评级如何确定…
- 信用风险信用风险是指借款人未能偿还贷款或履行财务义务的风险，导致贷方蒙受损失。在外汇交易中，信用风险产生于您使用杠杆时——即从经纪商那里借款以控制比您的存款允许的更大的头寸。风险有两种形式：损失超过您借入资金的风险，迫使您偿还超过您投资的金额；以及您的经纪商本身破产且无法退还您的存款的风险。 信用风险在外汇交易中的体现…
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- 债券利差债券利差是两只债券之间收益率的差异，通常以基点表示（1个基点等于0.01%）。它衡量的是投资者在一只债券上相对于另一只债券（通常是具有相似到期日的无风险政府债券）所能获得的额外回报。…
- 债券市场债券市场是一个金融市场，在这里债务证券（债券）被买卖。债券是由政府、公司或其他实体发行的用于筹集资本的贷款。购买债券的投资者会收到定期的利息支付（票息支付）以及到期时本金的返还。…
- 债券收益率债券收益率 是投资者持有债券至到期时所获得的百分比回报。对于外汇交易者来说，理解债券收益率很重要，因为政府债券的利率会影响货币价值和套息交易的回报。 收益率由债券的票面利率（固定利息支付）、当前市场价格以及到期剩余时间决定。当债券价格下跌时，其收益率上升，反之亦然——这种反向关系直接影响货币市场和交易策略。…
- 债务危机债务危机是指政府、组织或国家无法履行其债务义务，通常是因为债务负担已变得不可持续。这可能源于过度的借贷、财政管理不善、外部经济冲击或政治不稳定。 债务危机表现形式多样：主权债务危机（影响整个国家）、企业债务危机（影响公司）或金融机构债务危机（影响银行和贷方）。其后果会以多种方式波及整个经济。…
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- 利差交易利差交易是一种策略，交易者借入低利率货币，并将其投资于高利率货币，从而从差价中获利。之所以可行，是因为外汇交易者可以长时间持有货币头寸，并赚取每日利息，称为“隔夜利息”。 利差交易如何运作 要执行利差交易，交易者会选择两种货币，其中一种货币的利率明显高于另一种。例如，如果日元利率为 0.1%，澳元利率为…
- 利息差价利息差价是指在进行外汇交易时，两种货币之间利率差异所产生的利润。当交易者借入低利率货币的资金，并将其投资于高利率货币时，就会产生利息差价，并从中获利。利息差价不同于货币升值——无论汇率如何变动或保持不变，您都可以获利。 利息差价如何运作…
- 利率利率是借贷成本，以本金的百分比表示。在外汇交易中，中央银行设定的利率是货币价值的关键驱动因素，因为它们影响着货币对外国投资者的吸引力。 外汇中的利率如何运作…
- 利率平价利率平价（IRP）是一种理论，指出两国之间的利率差异等于其远期汇率和即期汇率之间的差异。它解释了为什么利率较高的货币往往以远期贴水交易——预计它们会贬值以抵消利率优势。 利率平价的两种形式 套利利率平价（CIRP）：…
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- 卖出价卖出价 是买方在特定时刻愿意为货币对支付的最高价格。这是您可以立即卖出该货币对中的基础货币的价格。 在欧元/美元 1.1500 卖出价 / 1.1502 买入价的报价中，1.1500 的卖出价意味着您可以以 1.15 美元的价格卖出 1…
- 卖出价卖出价 是买方在任何给定时刻愿意为货币对支付的最高价格。在外汇交易中，这是您可以卖出该货币对中的基本货币的价格。 在外汇报价如欧元/美元 1.1500 卖出价 / 1.1502…
- 卖出价卖出价是卖家在福汇市场愿意出售货币对的最低价格。当您买入时，您支付的是卖出价。卖出价是买卖价差的一半——即买家出价与卖家接受价之间的差距。 卖出价如何运作…
- 卖出价 (报价)在外汇交易中，卖出价（或报价）是卖方愿意出售货币对的最低价格。当您购买货币对时，您需要支付经纪商或做市商设定的卖出价。 卖出价如何运作 每种货币对都有两个报价：买入价和卖出价。买入价是您出售时收到的价格；卖出价是您购买时支付的价格。卖出价始终高于买入价。 点差：交易成本…
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- 合约规模合约规模 是指您在外汇交易中买卖的标准化货币单位数量。标准规模为 100,000 个基本货币单位，但经纪商也提供更小的手数以适应不同的交易者和账户规模。 常见的合约规模包括： 标准手数： 100,000 单位 迷你手数： 10,000 单位 微型手数： 1,000 单位 纳米手数： 100 单位…
- 合规外汇合规是指经纪商遵守金融监管机构制定的规则和法规。其目的是维护市场诚信、保护交易者并防止洗钱和欺诈等金融犯罪。 对经纪商而言，合规意味着在客户开户和日常运营中实施特定程序。这包括核实客户身份、监控交易以发现可疑活动模式以及保存记录以供监管机构检查。经纪商还必须执行监管机构设定的头寸限制和资本要求。…
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- 国内生产总值 (GDP)国内生产总值 (GDP) 是指一个国家在特定时期（通常是一个季度或一年）内在其边境范围内生产的所有最终商品和服务的总价值。它是衡量一个国家经济健康状况的主要指标，并直接影响外汇市场的货币估值。 GDP的组成部分和计算…
- 国际收支国际收支（BoP）是国家与世界其他地区之间在特定时期内所有经济交易的系统记录。它追踪从商品和服务贸易到投资流动和外国援助的一切内容。 组成部分…
- 国际货币基金组织 (IMF)国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 是一个成立于1944年布雷顿森林会议的国际组织，旨在促进全球货币合作和金融稳定。它拥有190个成员国，这些国家参与其治理并为其运营做出贡献。 IMF 的运作方式 IMF…
- 国际贸易国际贸易是指商品、服务和资本跨越国界的交换。它是全球经济的基石，涉及货币、法规、关税和市场参与者之间复杂的互动。对于外汇交易者来说，理解国际贸易流动很重要，因为贸易平衡和贸易政策决定会驱动货币估值。 国际贸易的关键组成部分…
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- 外国直接投资 (FDI)外国直接投资 (FDI) 是指一国公司或个人对另一国企业进行的投资，使投资者获得显著的所有权和控制权。与证券投资（被动持股）不同，外国直接投资通常意味着投资者在外国企业中扮演积极的管理角色。 形式与机制…
- 外汇外汇是全球货币交易的市场。日交易量达6万亿美元，是世界上最大的金融市场。外汇交易每周五天、每天24小时进行，因为货币交易跨越多个全球时区。 外汇交易如何运作…
- 外汇外汇，即外汇交易，是全球货币交易的市场。当您交易外汇时，您会用一种货币换取另一种货币，旨在从它们之间的汇率变动中获利。 货币对 货币总是成对交易的：您同时买入一种货币并卖出另一种。汇率反映了购买一单位第一种货币需要多少第二种货币，任一方向的价格变动都可能根据您的头寸产生利润或亏损。 外汇交易术语…
- 外汇信号外汇信号是交易警报或建议，由专家分析师或自动化系统生成，用于识别货币市场的潜在交易机会。 外汇信号如何运作 一个典型的信号会指定要交易的货币对、入场和出场价格水平、止损和止盈目标以及建议的时间范围。它也可能解释建议背后的原因。…
- 外汇储备外汇储备 是一个国家中央银行持有的外国货币和黄金。它们作为财务缓冲，以稳定国家货币并在经济危机、贸易失衡或突发需求冲击期间支持其经济。 中央银行如何使用储备金…
- 外汇管制外汇管制是指政府对本国货币跨境流动的限制。政府实施这些规定是为了控制资本流动、稳定本国货币并保护外汇储备。外汇管制可以从简单的监控到对某些交易的严格禁止不等。 外汇管制类型 外汇管制有多种形式： 交易限额： 对可以兑换或转移的货币金额设置上限。 用途限制： 限制货币兑换用于特定用途（如贸易或投资）的规定。 审批要求：…
- 外汇经纪商外汇经纪商是金融中介机构，为零售交易者提供进入外汇市场的渠道。经纪商将个人交易者与货币流动性连接起来，管理他们的交易，并为这些服务收取费用。 外汇经纪商提供什么 交易平台： 经纪商提供软件——通常是MetaTrader平台系列或专有平台——您可以在其中查看价格图表、下单交易并实时管理头寸。 市场准入：…
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- 套利套利是指在不同市场同时买卖相同资产以从价差中获利。在外汇交易中，这利用了不同平台或货币对之间暂时的定价效率低下。 套利如何运作 最简单的形式发生在一种货币在两个平台上以不同价格交易时。交易者在较低价格处买入，并在另一个平台的高价处卖出，扣除交易成本后，将价差作为利润收入囊中。 套利类型 空间套利…
- 套利者套利者是指利用外汇不同市场或货币对之间的价差进行无风险套利的交易者。套利者同时执行买入和卖出订单，以在市场纠正无效性之前捕获价差。 套利者如何运作…
- 套期保值者套期保值者是一种交易者，他们通过建立对冲头寸来降低价格波动潜在损失的影响。在外汇交易中，这意味着同时持有方向相反的头寸，以创造财务安全网。 套期保值者如何运作…
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- 市价订单市价订单是立即以市场上可用的最佳价格买入或卖出货币对的指令。当您下单市价订单时，您优先考虑速度而非价格控制——交易会立即执行，但您必须接受当时市场上提供的任何价格。 市价订单如何运作…
- 市场价格市场价格 是货币对在福汇市场交易的当前汇率——即买卖双方在任何给定时刻同意交易的价格。 市场价格如何运作 每个福汇报价都显示两个价格： 买入价 （买方愿意支付的价格）和 卖出价 （卖方希望收到的价格）。两者之间的差额是 点差 ，也就是您的交易成本。这些价格会根据供需、经济新闻、央行决策和地缘政治事件而不断变动。…
- 市场修正市场修正（Market correction）是指在长期上涨或下跌趋势之后，资产价格出现的暂时性逆转。它有助于使价格与基本面重新对齐，并减少市场过度扩张。修正是市场周期中的正常现象，存在于包括外汇在内的所有资产类别中。…
- 市场反弹市场反弹 是指在积极消息、经济状况改善或投资者购买增加的推动下，整个金融市场或特定资产价格持续上涨的时期。 市场反弹如何发展…
- 市场崩盘市场崩盘是指金融市场（股票、货币、大宗商品等）资产价格突然大幅下跌。最初的下跌通常会引发恐慌性抛售，从而进一步加速下跌。 市场崩盘与其他下跌的区别 熊市是指持续数月或数年的渐进式下跌；回调是指健康市场中正常的、较小的回撤；闪崩是指极快的下跌，随后迅速反弹，通常由技术错误引起。在崩盘期间，广泛的资产会同时大幅下跌。…
- 市场情绪市场情绪是指交易者和投资者集体的心态和预期——他们是预期价格上涨（看涨）、下跌（看跌）还是没有明确方向（中性）。它会影响买卖决策，并可能在不考虑经济基本面的情况下引发重大的价格变动。…
- 市场泡沫市场泡沫是指资产价格因投机需求和投资者乐观情绪而非经济基本面而远超其内在价值的上涨。当这种脱节变得不可持续时，价格会急剧下跌，通常会导致重大损失。…
- 市场风险市场风险 （也称为系统性风险）是指金融市场价格不利变动可能导致损失的风险——这种风险会影响所有参与者，而不仅仅是您的经纪商或交易策略。 市场风险的类型 在外汇交易中，市场风险有多种形式。 货币风险 在汇率走势不利于您的头寸时出现。 波动性风险 在价格波动意外加速，导致报价出现缺口或执行滑点时产生。 事件风险…
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- 流动性外汇中的流动性是指您在不引起价格大幅变动的情况下，能够轻松买卖货币对的程度。高流动性意味着点差收窄和交易成本降低；低流动性会增加您的成本和执行风险。 驱动流动性的因素…
- 流动性池流动性池是锁定在智能合约中的资金集合，可实现去中心化交易。流动性提供者（LP）存入两种代币的等值金额，然后交易者就可以使用这些汇集的资金进行交易。这种模式消除了对传统买卖双方匹配的需求。 流动性池如何运作 流程很简单： 提供者存款： LP 将两种代币的等值金额添加到池中。 交易者执行： 交易者使用汇集的资金进行交易。…
- 流动性风险流动性风险是指由于市场上买家或卖家不足，您无法在预期价格执行交易的风险。此风险在交易淡季、经济中断或交易不常见货币对时会增加。 流动性风险何时发生…
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- 算力算力是衡量加密货币网络计算能力的一种指标——具体来说，是指网络每秒执行的计算次数，用于验证交易并将其添加到区块链中。它通常以每秒哈希数（H/s）或其更大的倍数（兆哈希、吉哈希、太哈希）来衡量。…
- 算法交易算法交易使用遵循预设指令的计算机程序，以人类无法达到的速度和数量自动执行交易。这些系统在几毫秒内分析市场数据、下单和管理风险，旨在从模式和价格波动中获利。 算法交易如何运作…
- 算法交易员算法交易员是指使用数学模型和计算机化程序来识别交易机会并以极高的速度（通常在几分之一秒内）执行订单的个人或自动化系统。算法消除了人类情感，并实现了手动交易员无法实现的交易策略。 常见策略 套利： 利用跨市场或跨工具的价格差异。 趋势跟踪： 在检测到动量时进入交易，在反转时退出。 均值回归：…
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- 经常账户经常账户是国家国际收支的一部分，记录商品和服务的贸易以及收入流动和转移。它显示一个国家在国际上的支出是否超过收入，反之亦然。…
- 经济指标经济指标是衡量一个国家经济表现的统计数据，例如国内生产总值（GDP）、失业率、通货膨胀或消费者支出。外汇交易者会关注这些指标，因为中央银行会根据这些指标来设定利率，而利率会影响货币的价值。 经济指标的类型…
- 经济日历经济日历是影响货币市场的即将到来的经济事件和数据发布的日程表。它列出了事件的日期和时间、预期（预测）结果、先前结果以及发布时的实际结果。对于外汇交易者来说，该日历有助于确定何时会发布影响市场的经济数据。 经济日历如何运作…
- 经济预测经济预测是基于对当前数据、历史趋势和经济模型的分析而对未来经济活动的预测。经济学家使用预测来估算国内生产总值（GDP）增长、失业率、通货膨胀和消费者支出等指标。对于外汇交易者而言，经济预测为预期的中央银行决策和货币走势提供了背景信息。 预测是如何做出的…
- 经纪商经纪商是为交易者提供外汇市场准入的中间商。它们位于您和货币市场之间，使您能够买卖货币对。 经纪商执行您的交易订单，并提供您交易所需的平台、实时市场数据和工具。大多数经纪商提供市场数据，包括货币对价格、图表和技术指标。许多经纪商还提供杠杆，允许您用比您账户资金本身更多的资金来控制仓位，并提供止损单等风险管理工具。…
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- 货币供应量货币供应量是指在特定时间点流通于经济体中的货币总量和流动性金融资产的总和。中央银行通过四个层次来追踪和管理它：M0（仅指实体现金）、M1（M0加上活期存款和高流动性资产）、M2（M1加上储蓄账户和短期存款）以及M3（M2加上机构货币市场基金和大额存款）。货币供应量的变化直接影响货币价值，使其成为外汇交易者重要的经济指标…
- 货币危机货币危机是指一个国家的货币相对于主要货币突然大幅贬值，通常由经济不稳定、恶性通货膨胀、政治动荡或外部冲击引发。 货币危机：如何发展…
- 货币对货币对是两种货币之间汇率的报价，显示一种货币单位相对于另一种货币的相对价值。在外汇交易中，每笔交易都涉及买入一种货币同时卖出另一种货币，以货币对的形式表示——例如，欧元/美元 (EUR/USD)，它显示一欧元相对于美元的价值。 理解货币对结构…
- 货币局货币局是一种货币体系，国家以此维持与外国货币（通常是美元或欧元）的固定汇率。与中央银行不同，货币局只有一个目标：通过外汇储备来保持汇率的固定和稳定。 货币局如何运作…
- 货币市场货币市场是金融体系中短期部分，参与者在此借入和贷出资金，期限通常为一天到一年。与股票或外汇市场不同，它侧重于为银行、公司和政府提供流动性和稳定性。 常见的货币市场工具…
- 货币干预货币干预是中央银行或货币当局为影响其货币汇率而采取的蓄意行动。其目标通常包括维持稳定、确保国际贸易的竞争力或纠正对货币价值被认为不合理的偏离。 货币干预的类型…
- 货币战争货币战争 是指各国为在国际贸易中获得优势而故意削弱本国货币的局面。通过降低本国货币的价值，各国旨在促进出口，因为外国买家可以用更少的本国货币单位购买更多的商品。 各国如何进行货币战争 政府和中央银行使用几种策略： 量化宽松： 增加货币供应量，从而削弱货币。 降息： 较低的利率会降低持有该货币的吸引力，从而减少需求。…
- 货币掉期货币掉期 是一种金融衍生品，其中双方交换一种货币为另一种货币，并同意在未来某个日期反转交易。双方以商定的汇率同时借入和借出货币。 货币掉期如何运作 货币掉期有五个关键组成部分： 本金金额： 双方交换的初始金额，在整个掉期过程中保持不变。 利率： 每方就借入的货币支付利息；利率通常与伦敦银行间拆借利率等基准挂钩。…
- 货币政策货币政策是中央银行控制货币供应量和利率以管理通货膨胀、促进经济增长和支持就业的方式。中央银行使用三种主要工具：公开市场操作、准备金要求和贴现率。 运作方式…
- 货币篮货币篮是多种货币的加权组合，用作衡量单一货币强弱的参考点。交易者使用货币篮来评估其相对于一篮子主要货币的表现，而不是仅与一种货币进行比较。 货币篮如何运作 篮子中的每种货币根据交易重要性或经济规模等因素被分配特定的权重或百分比。例如，一个篮子可能包含 50% 的美元、30% 的欧元和 20%…
- 货币钉货币钉 是一种固定汇率制度，国家中央银行将其货币维持在相对于另一种货币或一篮子货币（通常是美元或欧元）的恒定汇率。 货币钉如何运作 中央银行积极买卖本国货币，以将汇率维持在目标水平。如果货币升值超过钉住汇率，央行会卖出该货币并买入外汇储备以使其贬值。汇率保持恒定或在当局设定的窄幅区间内波动。 各国为何使用货币钉…
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- 贬值贬值是政府或中央银行故意决定降低其货币相对于其他货币的价值。其目标通常是使该国出口在全球市场上更便宜、更具竞争力，刺激经济增长并解决贸易失衡问题。 贬值如何运作 当中央银行贬值其货币时，它会降低汇率——即购买外币所需的本国货币数量。较弱的货币使外国买家购买的出口商品更便宜，从而可能增加对这些商品和服务的国际需求。…
- 贬值贬值是指一种货币相对于另一种货币的价值下降。当一种货币贬值时，你需要更多的该货币单位来购买相同数量的另一种货币。 导致贬值的原因 货币贬值通常是由于通货膨胀、利率变动、政治不稳定或经济表现疲软等经济因素造成的。一个国家较高的通货膨胀往往会削弱其货币，中央银行降低利率相对于其他国家也是如此。 贬值对外汇交易者的影响…
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- 资本市场资本市场是指股票和债券等长期金融证券进行买卖的市场。它将寻求回报的投资者与寻求资本的企业和政府联系起来。资本市场对全球经济至关重要，因为它促进了资金从储蓄者流向企业，并通过持续交易实现价格发现。 一级市场和二级市场…
- 资本管制资本管制是指政府或中央银行对资金和投资进出一个国家的流动进行限制。这些措施用于稳定经济、管理汇率和保护金融体系。对于外汇交易者来说，资本管制直接影响货币的可用性、汇率和交易机会。 资本管制如何运作…
- 资本账户资本账户是国家国际收支平衡表的一部分，用于追踪投资和金融资产流入和流出该国的流动情况。它记录了影响国家国际净投资头寸的实际资产、金融证券和资本转移交易。 资本账户包含什么…
- 资金倍增器在外汇交易中，资金倍增器是指利用杠杆或保证金来控制大于您账户余额的头寸。例如，如果您有 1,000 美元和 10:1 的杠杆，您可以控制价值 10,000 美元的头寸。对您有利的 1% 的变动将为您带来 100 美元的利润（是您初始资本的十倍），但对您不利的 1% 的变动同样会使您损失 100…
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- 通胀目标制通胀目标制是一种货币政策框架，中央银行公开承诺将通胀维持在特定比率，并通过调整利率来实现该目标。该策略通过锚定通胀预期，为市场带来透明度并减少经济不确定性。 中央银行会公布其目标，并主要使用利率调整作为工具。如果通胀上升超过目标，则提高利率以抑制支出和物价。如果通胀低于目标，则降低利率以刺激需求。 交易员为何关心…
- 通货紧缩通货紧缩是指经济体中商品和服务的总体价格水平持续下降。它是通货膨胀的对立面。虽然价格下跌对消费者来说似乎有利，但通货紧缩通常预示着经济疲软，并可能给交易员和企业带来严峻挑战。 通货紧缩的原因…
- 通货膨胀通货膨胀是指商品和服务总体价格水平上涨的速率，它会侵蚀货币的购买力。对于外汇交易者来说，通货膨胀很重要，因为中央银行通常会通过提高利率来应对，而这会使本国货币走强。持有某国货币的交易者可能会发现，尽管中央银行采取了加息措施，但该国货币却在通胀高企的情况下走弱，或者正是因为中央银行的加息应对而走弱。…